A Better World - Volume 3: Ensure Access to Water and Sanitation for All

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access to water and sanitation for all
22 GIZ (2011). City Sanitation Plan for Nashik. Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH India, Support to the Urban
National Sanitation (SNUSP) II Program.
23 Beermann, J. (2017). Urban Cooperation and Climate Governance: How
German and Indian Cities Join Forces to Tackle Climate Change, p. 164,
Springer.
24 Augustin, K., Skambraks, A.K., Li, Z., Giese, T., Rakelmann, U., Schonlau, H.,
& Günner, C. (2011). Hamburg water cycle in the settlement Jenfelder Au –
integrating the infrastructure services of water and energy. IWA Conference cities
of the future: Sustainable urban planning and water management, Stockholm,
Sweden.
25 Tolksdorf, J., & Cornel, P. (2017). Semicentralized greywater and blackwater
treatment for fast growing cities: How uncertain influent characteristics might
affect the treatment processes, Water Science and Technology, 75(7), 1722-
1731. doi: 10.2166/wst.2017.047
26 Tolksdorf, J., Bieker, S., & Cornel, P. (2016). Implementation of SEMIZENTRAL:
An Integrated Infrastructure Approach for Fast-Growing Cities. Dresden
Nexus Conference Working Paper Series DNC2015/02, edited by Hiroshan
Hettiarachchi. Dresden, Germany: United Nations University Institute for
Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNU-FLORES).
27 Lüthi, C., Panesar, A., Schütze, T., Norström, A., McConville, J., Parkinson, J.,
Saywell, D., & Ingle, R. (2011). Sustainable sanitation in cities: A framework
for action. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), International Forum on
Urbanism (IFoU), Papiroz Publishing House, The Hague, The Netherlands.
United Arab Emirates supporting the Kingdom of Morocco to address water
security challenges
1 Khaleej Times, 2015
2 Trade Arabia, 2016
3 Le Matin, 2014
4 Moroccan Investment Development Agency
5 Export.gov, 2017
6 FAO
7 Le Matin, 2014
References:
– Export.gov, (2017). Morocco – Agricultural Sector. [online] Available at: https://
– Food and Agricultural Organization, (no date). Agricultural Water Policy
Morocco. Thematic Brief 4, [online] Available at:
user_upload/agwa/docs/Policy_Thematic%20Brief_En.pdf
– Khaleej Times, (2015). UAE among top 10 states to face acute water crisis.
[online] Available at:
states-to-face-acute-water-crisis
– Kingdom of Morocco, Moroccan Investment Development Agency, (no date).
Investment Opportunities, Agriculture. [online] Available at: .
– Le Matin, (2014). The Kharroub Dam to meet the drinking water needs of the
population. [online] Available at:
assilah_le-barrage-kharroub-pour-la-satisfaction--des-besoins-de-la-population-
en-eau-potable/200328.html
– Trade Arabia, (2016). UAE group to fund Morocco development projects.
[online] Available at:
Water management strategies for the Nile Basin
1 FAO, 2005
Improvement of water use efficiency through Smart Water Management
1 The difference between system input and authorised consumption. Water loss
can be considered as a total volume for the whole system, or for partial systems
such as transmission or distribution schemes, or individual zones. Water
loss comprises both physical and commercial losses (also known as real and
apparent losses).
2 Those components of system input which are not billed and do not produce
revenue. Equal to unbilled, authorised consumption plus physical and
commercial water losses.
3 Also referred to as a centralized remote monitoring control system or a
supervisory control data acquisition system.
4 A high-efficiency water infrastructure management system using advanced
information and communication technology to overcome the limitations of
existing water resource management systems.
5 A city where water quantity and quality from the source to the customer are
managed by using information and communication technology to supply clean
tap water.
6 A system that supports rapid decision-making on water quality accidents by
providing more accurate water quality prediction data by linking information on
meteorology, watersheds, rivers, and reservoirs.
8 K-water’s own system embracing techniques for integrated management in
watershed areas, considering water quantity and quality, ecology and customers
in order to facilitate sustainable water use.
8 Cost-benefit ratio is the ratio of the present value of the benefit to the present
value of the cost. This is one of the criteria for comparing business alternatives
in a cost benefit analysis.
9 Assuming a 20% improvement in NRW (maintaining NRW of 14% over the
next eight years), we applied a selling price of 809 KRW per year. In calculating
the incremental benefits, the facility investment cost is 500m KRW, the
communication cost is 660 KRW per meter and the repair and maintenance cost
is 2.5m KRW per year. The improvement benefit was calculated using 600 KRW
per meter of manpower survey cost and 11m KRW per year leak detection cost.
A comprehensive approach to building a water partnership for sustainable
development
1 The Sorain Bucket is a low cost water supply system enabling solar thermal
desalination and rain water harvesting for residents of Kojani island in Tanzania
suffering from severe water scarcity.
The hidden implications of SDG 6
1 Pulse of the Fashion Industry, report by The Global Fashion Agenda & The
Boston Consulting Group, May 2017.
2 World Trade Statistical Review, 2017, report by the World Trade Organization,
2017.
3 Toxic phones: China controls the core, report by CLSA U® & China Water Risk,
August 2017.
Ntabelanga and Lalini ecological infrastructure project
1 Le Roux et al. 2015
2 Sisitka et al. 2016
3 Patton, M.Q. (2011). Developmental Evaluation: Applying Complexity Concepts
to Enhance Innovation and Use. Guilford Press.
Clean water and sanitation in rural communities through people-centric
watershed management
Acknowledgement
We gratefully acknowledge the support provided by the Department of Bio-
technology, Government of India, for undertaking this development research under
the Indo-EU programme of Water4Crops project entitled: Integrating Bio-treated
Wastewater Reuse with Enhanced Water Use Efficiency to Support the Green
Economy in EU and India (India side).
Footnotes
1 WWAP, 2015. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2015-
Water for a sustainable world. UNESCO Publishing.
2 Mekonnen, M.M., Hoekstra, A.Y., 2011. National water footprint accounts: the
green, blue and grey water footprint of production and consumption.
3 Corcoran, E., Nellemann, C., Baker, E., Bos, R., Osborn, D. and Savelli, H. (eds).
(2010), Sick Water? The Central Role of Wastewater Management in Sustainable
Development. United Nations Environment Programme/United Nations Human
Settlements Programme/GRID-Arendal (UNEP/UNHabitat).
4 WEF (World Economic Forum). 2016. The Global Risks Report 2016. Geneva,
Switzerland, WEF. wef. ch/risks2016.
5 Hutton, G. and Varughese, M. 2016. The Cost of Meeting the 2030 Sustainable
Development Goal Targets on Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene.
Technical paper. Washington, DC, World Bank/Water and Sanitation Programme
(WSP).
6 UNICEF/WHO (United Nations Children’s Fund/World Health Organization).
2015. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water: 2015 Update and MDG
Assessment. New York/ Geneva, UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme
for Water Supply and Sanitation. www.wssinfo. org/fileadmin/user_upload/
resources/JMP-Update-report-2015_English.pdf.
7 UNESCAP (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the
Pacific). 2010. Statistical Yearbook 2009. Bangkok, UNESCAP.